On January 23, 2015, the Department of Veteran Affairs (hereinafter “VA”) issued proposed changes to the regulations affecting VA Pension eligibility, a needs-based program. In support of the proposed changes to the regulations, the VA points to the results of a 2012 Government Accountability Offices (GAO) report. That report recommended changes in order to “maintain the integrity of VA’s needs-based benefit programs.”
Proposed Changes
Net Worth
The proposed changes include a bright-line limit on “net worth” that an applicant is allowed to have when qualifying for VA Pension. The limit is the same as the maximum community spouse resource allowance (CSRA) for Medicaid purposes (currently $119,220). This amount would increase annually at the same rate as the cost-of-living increase for Social Security benefits. Income is also counted toward the net worth limit under the proposed rules.
Treatment of Income
The proposed rules would include income in the applicant’s net worth calculation. In other words, if a Veteran has assets worth $117,000 and receives an income of $2,000 per month, the Veteran’s “net worth” is calculated at $117,000 + $24,000, which is well over the “net worth” limit allowed.
Determining Asset Amount
The proposed regulations define assets as, “fair market value of all property that an individual owns, including all real and personal property, unless excluded under paragraph (b) of this section, less the amount of mortgages or other encumbrances specific to the mortgaged or encumbered property. VA will consider the terms of the recorded deed or other evidence of title to be proof of ownership of a particular asset.”
Asset Exclusions
A primary residence, whether or not the claimant resides there, is an excluded asset for calculating “net worth” and will continue to be so under the proposed regulations. However, the proposed rules cap the “reasonable lot area” that the home sits on at 2 acres, a limit that does not exist under current law.
Transfer of Assets and Penalty Periods
The proposed regulations include the addition of penalty periods for assets that an individual transfers prior to applying for VA Pension. Any “covered assets” (one that is used in calculating “net worth”) that are transferred will be subject to a penalty period. The penalty provisions are not limited to actual gifts, but also apply to the purchase of an annuity or a transfer to a trust (revocable or irrevocable).
The actual penalty period (the time period that the claimant will remain ineligible for the Pension benefit due to the transfer) may not be longer than ten (10) years. The penalty period will be calculated by using the amount of the transfer over and above the “net worth” limit and dividing it by the maximum annual Pension rate. This penalty period begins to run the month after the last transfer was made.
To illustrate: A married Veteran applies for VA Pension with an aid and attendance allowance. The monthly benefit she is trying to qualify for is $2,120. During the past 3 years, the Veteran contributed $10,000 to The Wounded Warriors Project, a nonprofit organization. She also gave her only child $1,000 on each birthday the past 3 years.
As a result of the charitable contribution and the cash gifts to her child ($13,000 total in 3 years), this Veteran will be penalized for 6.13 months when she applies for VA Pension. If this same Veteran was not married, the penalty would be 11.3 months.
Lookback Period
The lookback period for all transfers, is thirty-six (36) months immediately preceding the date of application for the VA Pension benefit? There is a presumption that any transfer made during this thirty-six (36) month period of time was made for the purpose of qualifying for the VA Pension benefit. As an exception to this presumption, the claimant must prove by clear and convincing evidence that the transfer was the result of fraud, misrepresentation or other bad act in the marketing or sale of a financial product. Otherwise, the presumption is non-rebuttable.
In the example above, the Veteran, whose transfers had nothing to do with VA Pension eligibility, would not be able to rebut this presumption and would have to take the penalty imposed.
Medical Expense Deductions from Income
Medical expenses are those that are either medically necessary or improve a disabled individual’s functioning. These medical expenses are deducted from income. This becomes more complicated when the claimant is receiving home care or is in an independent or assisted living facility, as the proposed rules seek to limit the circumstances under which room and board expenses may be counted, as well as the amount paid. There are very specific rules as to which services qualify as medical expenses and the claimant will have to be able to identify those in his/her application.
The proposed rules also limit the hourly amount that can be paid to a home health care provider. The amount is based on a national average, rather than local costs for care.
Burden on Surviving Spouses
The surviving spouse of a wartime Veteran can make a claim for the Pension benefit if the Veteran meets the service criteria and the spouse meets the financial requirements. However, the proposed rules put the surviving spouses at a disadvantage. The proposed regulations allow surviving spouses little flexibility in planning due to the calculation method of the penalty period. Where a married Veteran applying for VA Pension with an aid and attendance allowance could transfer $10,000 and incur a penalty period of 4.7 months, a surviving spouse transferring the same amount would incur a penalty period of 8.7 months. As illustrated earlier, the gifting that many people do to benefit their children on birthdays, holidays or other reasons, charitable contributions or donations to places of worship will create a penalty period under these rules.